Indiana Speech-Language-Hearing Association

Friday’s Program

March 14, 2025

Registration 7:30 am – 4:45 pm | Exhibits Open 9:00 am – 1:00 pm

8:00 am - 9:30 am

SEAnnual Business Meeting and Awards Ceremony (Breakfast)

Pre-registration required.  Remember to order your ticket by checking the box under the Friday Session and Event Listing when registering online. The printable registration forms also include a box for ordering your ticket.

9:45 am - 10:45 am

S20Dyslexia 101: Origins, Characteristics, Warning Signs and Myths

Karla O’Brien, MEd, LBS1, Classmates Educational Group

As science evolves, so does what we know and understand about what dyslexia is and what it is not. We will discuss brain basics of dyslexia, basic characteristics and warning signs to watch for your students. A dyslexia simulation will help you to understand how some myths came to be and how we can help ourselves and colleagues understand what dyslexia actually is. You will learn about tools that you can use to screen students for dyslexia and the importance of identifying warning signs early to intervene sooner rather than later.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify warning signs of students with dyslexia.
  • Describe what dyslexia is and what it is not.
  • Identify how the brain differs in those with dyslexia and those without dyslexia.

Instructional Level: Introductory  |  Track: School Age

S21Respiratory-Swallow Coordination in Parkinson’s Disease: Potential Implications for Assessment and Treatment

James Curtis, PhD, BCS-S, CCC-SLP, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University

Breathing and swallowing are two life-sustaining behaviors which share an array of neural and neural and musculoskeletal substrates. Because of this, breathing and swallowing must be skillfully coordinated with one another in order to maximize swallowing safety and efficiency whilst minimizing disruption to breathing.  In this session, we will characterize current hypotheses explaining respiratory-swallow coordination may be important for swallowing physiology, swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency. We will also discuss: (1) the changes to RSC in Parkinson’s disease; (2) the relationship between RSC and swallow function in Parkinson’s disease; and (3) the effects of RSC training on respiratory-swallow coordination on swallowing rehabilitation in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe typical patterns of respiratory-swallow coordination in healthy adults and people with Parkinson’s disease.
  • Describe the hypotheses explaining why the RSC behaviors most typical for healthy adults might contribute most optimal swallowing safety and efficiency.
  • Describe what is currently known about the relationship RSC and swallowing in Parkinson’s disease, and the effects of training on swallowing rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Adult

S22Trauma Informed Feeding Therapy: How We Support Medically Complex and Neurodiverse Populations, Part 1 (DEI)

Erin Forward, MSP, CCC-SLP, CLC, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) was defined in 2018 by Goday et al. as impaired oral intake that is not age-appropriate, and is associated with medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and/or psychosocial dysfunction. However, treating PFD is still incredibly nuanced, specifically for our medically complex and neurodiverse population. There is no set protocol or set treatment method for this population, which can cause challenge and frustration when not knowing where to go next. This session will address the methodologies that are supportive of treating PFD within this population that is both trauma-informed and neurodiversity affirming. Join Erin as we dive into the true value of play, relationship and building autonomy in the context of mealtime to support our patients and families in ways that help them feel safe, seen and truly thrive. Principles of DIR/Floortime will also be discussed as a method to build your lens for PFD.

Time Ordered Agenda

  • 0-10 minutes: Intro and a metaphor
  • 10-20 minutes: Trauma informed care and in the context of feeding
  • 20-30 minutes: Neurodiversity affirming care in the context of feeding
  • 30-45 minutes: Attachment and relationship
  • 45-60 Minutes: What is play?

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify the principles of trauma informed care and neurodiversity affirming care.
  • Describe the value of play and DIR/Floortime in treating pediatric feeding disorders.
  • Identify the importance of individual differences in a child and how it impacts their overall plan of care for PFD.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Peds-Medical (DEI)

S23Using Family-Guided Routines to Target Pre-Linguistic Skills

Lauren Isabell, CCC-SLP, Pediatric Specialty Associates, Inc., McKinney Speech Therapy

My child doesn’t play, my child doesn’t interact with others, my child is constantly moving, my child doesn’t talk, my child doesn’t respond to her name. Ring a bell? When we see or hear observations like these in the early intervention setting, we may immediately reference or emphasize addressing pre-linguistic or early communication skills, but how do we teach, coach and model how to support these skills so that caregivers can confidently identify and build these skills throughout the week? Let’s explore useful and effective ways to empower caregivers in supporting their child’s early communication skills while considering family priorities, cultural differences, neurodivergence and critical conversations with caregivers regarding developmental differences.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe how to assist caregivers in identifying early communication strengths and challenges that their child is demonstrating.
  • Identify and teach, coach or model at least five different strategies addressing early communication skills that can be embedded into daily routines.
  • Identify at least four key considerations when supporting families with diverse backgrounds and needs.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: EI

11:00 am - 12:00 pm

DM-1Demonstrations (Posters)

New this year, posters will be divided into two viewing groups.  The second viewing will be different presentations from this group.

Check back for poster listing

S24Building Your Scientifically-Based ELA Block

Jamey Peavler, EdD, OGA-FIT, IDA-SLDS, Mount St. Joseph University

A scientifically-based literacy block reflects research on what and how to teach to maximize student outcomes. By examining reading science frameworks, we can begin to understand the effect of word recognition and language comprehension instruction on global reading outcomes. Because print and oral language skills are rarely equally yoked, the content and the assessment tools we use to align our instruction may need to be decoupled. Yet, the reciprocal relationship between oral language supporting word recognition and word recognition supporting meaning is strong. How can educators apply this knowledge to design instruction that effectively develops both components?

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify and outline the critical components of an effective literacy block.
  • Summarize reading science frameworks and the importance of aligning instruction and assessment tools with these frameworks.
  • Describe the essential components for building word recognition and language comprehension proficiency.

Instructional Level: Introductory  |  Track: School Age

S25Elevate Your Parent Coaching: Empowering Parents to Make Effective Changes

Christi Masters, MS, CCC-SLP, Purdue University
Kalie Standish, MA, Ed, Purdue University

Most early intervention providers understand the importance of parent/caregiver coaching and want to empower them to help their child make progress. While there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of parent implemented interventions, each family has unique strengths and needs that can impact results. Efforts to empower parents can sometimes result in the parent feeling inadequate or frustrated and ultimately not follow through with strategies. This session will discuss ways to accurately identify caregiver needs to individualize coaching using a strength-based approach. Effective coaching can result in helping parents support their child’s developmental needs and make lasting change. Specific coaching strategies (including principles of adult learning) will be discussed, as well as ways to create opportunities for active caregiver involvement. Ideas for preparing for sessions and creating a joint plan with caregivers will also be discussed to help facilitate carryover of recommendations.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe the role of the coach in early intervention.
  • Identify and describe key strategies for effective early intervention sessions.
  • Describe methods to facilitate adult learning to support parent/caregiver coaching.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: EI

S26Redefining Dysphagia Management and the Role of Cough Assessment and Treatment

James Curtis, PhD, BCS-S, CCC-SLP, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University

Cough is an airway protective behavior important for clearing penetrant and aspirate material out of the airway. In this session, we will cover why it is important for clinicians who manage people with dysphagia to incorporate cough assessment and treatment as part of standard clinical practice.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe four reasons why it is important for speech-language pathologists who manage people with dysphagia to assess cough as part of standard clinical practice.
  • Describe the equipment and methods used to assess voluntary and reflex cough within the context of a clinical swallow evaluation.
  • Describe two exercise-based treatments intended to improve cough function in people with dysphagia.

Instructional Level: Introductory  |  Track: Adult

S27Trauma Informed Feeding Therapy: How We Support Medically Complex and Neurodiverse Populations, Part 2 (DEI)

Erin Forward, MSP, CCC-SLP, CLC, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) was defined in 2018 by Goday et al. as impaired oral intake that is not age-appropriate, and is associated with medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and/or psychosocial dysfunction. However, treating PFD is still incredibly nuanced, specifically for our medically complex and neurodiverse population. There is no set protocol or set treatment method for this population, which can cause challenge and frustration when not knowing where to go next. This session will address the methodologies that are supportive of treating PFD within this population that is both trauma-informed and neurodiversity affirming. Join Erin as we dive into the true value of play, relationship and building autonomy in the context of mealtime to support our patients and families in ways that help them feel safe, seen and truly thrive. Principles of DIR/Floortime will also be discussed as a method to build your lens for PFD.

Time Ordered Agenda

  • 0-10 minutes: Autonomy and its importance in feeding
  • 10-35 minutes: DIR/Floortime and principles for feeding therapy and supporting a child’s individual differences
  • 35-50 minutes: Strategies and recommendations
  • 50-60 minutes: Questions

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify the principles of trauma informed care and neurodiversity affirming care.
  • Describe the value of play and DIR/Floortime in treating pediatric feeding disorders.
  • Identify the importance of individual differences in a child and how it impacts their overall plan of care for PFD.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Peds-Medical (DEI)

1:00 pm - 2:00 pm

DM-2 (Group 2)Demonstration (Posters)

New this year, posters will be divided into two viewing groups.  The first viewing will be different presentations from this group.

Check back for poster listing.

S28Social Communication Treatments in Acquired Brain Injury, Part 1

Rebecca Eberle, MA, CCC-SLP, BC-ANCDS, FACRM, Indiana University

Social communication and pragmatic impairments after acquired brain injury are common, highly variable and often have a profound effect upon the individual’s capacity to resume positive experiences in everyday socialization, vocational and academic environments. This two part session is grounded in the scientific evidence of the current cognitive rehabilitation research and will provide a translation of the practice recommendations into specific individual and group interventions for positive outcomes. The foundational cognitive rehabilitation principles of the stages of treatment, clinician teaching strategies, with a consideration of client awareness, goal setting, and treatment plan formulation will be addressed.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify, define and give examples of specific deficits in social communication and pragmatics after TBI.
  • Identify and describe evidence based cognitive rehabilitation treatments for impairments of social communication and pragmatic skills.
  • Identify and apply the foundational principles of cognitive rehabilitation to evidence-based group and individual social communication interventions.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Adult

S29Starting a Preschool Language Classroom in Your District

Kaitlyn Palermo, MS, CCC-SLP, Wild Blossom Speech Therapy

Many children across the state of Indiana begin their academic journey at five years-old. Due to increased pressures for more strict academic standards in kindergarten, reduced play-based learning and minimal previous experience with the concept of school, kindergarten can be difficult for many children. This difficulty is even greater for children with expressive and/or receptive language needs. Children that age-out of First Steps at three years-old, are faced with limited options for services in the public school systems until they are eligible for kindergarten. Furthermore, many of the special education services offered to children ages three-four are low in frequency and/or intensity, unless the child qualifies for a developmental preschool placement. A preschool language classroom provides a language-enriching environment for children who may not qualify for a developmental preschool classroom. This session will provide you with knowledge to create a preschool language program in your district and how it can support early intervention and bridging the gap between preschool and kindergarten.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify and define the who and what of preschool language classroom programs.
  • Identify and list the benefits of implementing a preschool language classroom in their district.
  • Formulate a mock-up plan for developing a preschool language classroom in their district.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: EI

S30What Grad School Doesn't Teach You About PFD: Navigating Difficult Conversations and Decision Making, Part 1 (DEI)

Erin Forward, MSP, CCC-SLP, CLC, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

How we nourish our body is something that is incredibly intimate and emotional, which can make treating PFD a very challenging but rewarding experience. Because we cannot separate the emotion from the treatment, we need to be prepared to handle the difficult conversations as well as the implications outside of what happens in a treatment session. If you work with PFD, advocacy is a piece of the puzzle that was absolutely not taught in grad school. This session will focus on what we need to know that we didn’t know we needed to know when treating PFD. The session will address HOW to have difficult conversations, HOW to advocate for the needs of your patients and families and HOW to use your critical thinking skills and judgement to make sound clinical decisions that you feel confident about. The beauty of PFD is that you will never know all that you need to know, but there is a way to feel comfortable with that and authentically show up for your patients in a way that keeps them safe.

Part 1 time Ordered Agenda

  • 0-10 minutes: Intro and case example to open
  • 10-20 minutes: PFD coding, diagnostics and billing
  • 20-25 minutes: Episodic care and the research
  • 25-35 minutes: Therapeutic use of self and intentional relationship model
  • 35-50 minutes: Counseling and “soft skills” for feeding
  • 50-60 minutes: What are the ethics of discharge and therapy length

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify the appropriate diagnostic codes and billing codes for treating PFD.
  • Describe strategies for having difficult conversations and counseling families.
  • Describe what episodic care is and identify how to decide when a family is ready for discharge.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Peds-Medical (DEI)

1:15 pm - 2:45 pm

S31Small-Group Instruction

Jamey Peavler, EdD, OGA-FIT, IDA-SLDS, Mount St. Joseph University

Instructional time spent in a small-group setting is a precious commodity. We must use it thoughtfully and intentionally because even the most well-designed independent activities are less effective than time with a skilled teacher. Therefore, our first goal is to prevent the number of students that require small-group interventions. We can accomplish this by solidifying our core instruction and rethinking how we deliver targeted interventions. When many students need specific skill support, we can provide that intervention within our whole-group lessons. This requires data-driven decision-making and thoughtful planning to identify which skills need whole-group versus small-group instruction. We can then reserve small-group instruction for targeting skills that few students need to develop. Effective small-group instruction is targeted and data-driven. It is designed to give students additional practice and feedback on a specific skill. It does not replace tier 2 and 3 interventions but may enhance and reinforce that instruction. We should ask ourselves what a specific student, or group of students, needs that is different from everyone else in the class. That answer sets the purpose for small-group instruction. If each small group receives the same or similar instruction, the instruction is not targeted and does not justify small-group structure.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify and describe the purpose of universal screeners and how to use this data to understand the scope of instructional needs.
  • Identify the purpose of diagnostic assessments and their connection to differentiation.
  • Identify and examine data-based decision-making models for small-group instruction.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: School Age

2:15 pm - 3:15 pm

S32Neurodivergent-Affirming Early Intervention (DEI)

Kaitlyn Palermo, MS, CCC-SLP, Wild Blossom Speech Therapy

The field of speech-language pathology has been buzzing over concepts like neurodivergent affirming therapy and gestalt language processing, but what does it look like in practice for early intervention? What forms of evidence do we have to support these hot topics and what future research is needed? This session will guide the participant through defining neurodivergent affirming early intervention and levels of current evidence related to neurodivergent affirming practices. Additionally, the participant will explore clinical writing and goal writing that is culturally responsive, strengths-based and honors neurodiversity.

Time Ordered Agenda

  • 10 minutes: Defining neurodivergent
  • 15 minutes: Discussing neurodivergent affirming early intervention and Gestalt Language Processing
  • 15 minutes: Outlining evidence for Neurodivergent Affirming Early Intervention and
  • Gestalt Language Processing
  • 10 minutes: Writing neurodiversity-affirming therapy goals
  • 10 minutes:Q/A and discussion

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe neurodivergent affirming Practices in early Intervention.
  • Identify and examine current levels of evidence related to neurodivergent affirming practices utilizing the evidence-based practice triangle.
  • Identify how to and demonstrate the ability to write neurodivergent affirming early intervention goals.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: EI (DEI)

S33Social Communication Treatments in Acquired Brain Injury, Part 2

Rebecca Eberle, MA, CCC-SLP, BC-ANCDS, FACRM, Indiana University

Social communication and pragmatic impairments after acquired brain injury are common, highly variable and often have a profound effect upon the individual’s capacity to resume positive experiences in everyday socialization, vocational and academic environments. This two part session is grounded in the scientific evidence of the current cognitive rehabilitation research and will provide a translation of the practice recommendations into specific individual and group interventions for positive outcomes. The foundational cognitive rehabilitation principles of the stages of treatment, clinician teaching strategies, with a consideration of client awareness, goal setting and treatment plan formulation will be addressed.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify and describe examples of specific deficits in social communication and pragmatics after TBI.
  • Describe evidence based cognitive rehabilitation treatments for impairments of social communication and pragmatic skills.
  • Identify and apply the foundational principles of cognitive rehabilitation to evidence-based group and individual social communication interventions.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Adult

S34What Grad School Doesn't Teach You About PFD: Navigating Difficult Conversations and Decision Making, Part 2 (DEI)

Erin Forward, MSP, CCC-SLP, CLC, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

How we nourish our body is something that is incredibly intimate and emotional, which can make treating PFD a very challenging but rewarding experience. Because we cannot separate the emotion from the treatment, we need to be prepared to handle the difficult conversations as well as the implications outside of what happens in a treatment session. If you work with PFD, advocacy is a piece of the puzzle that was absolutely not taught in grad school. This session will focus on what we need to know that we didn’t know we needed to know when treating PFD. The session will address HOW to have difficult conversations, HOW to advocate for the needs of your patients and families and HOW to use your critical thinking skills and judgement to make sound clinical decisions that you feel confident about. The beauty of PFD is that you will never know all that you need to know, but there is a way to feel comfortable with that and authentically show up for your patients in a way that keeps them safe.

Time Ordered Agenda

  • 0-15 minutes: Case study of difficult conversation
  • 15-30 minutes: Case studies of medically complex children
  • 10-45 minutes: Case studies of neurodivergent children
  • 45-60 minutes: Questions and audience case studies

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify the appropriate diagnostic codes and billing codes for treating PFD.
  • Describe strategies for having difficult conversations and counseling families.
  • Describe what episodic care is and identify how to decide when a family is ready for discharge.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Peds-Medical

3:15 pm - 4:45 pm

S35The Language of Learning: Tier Vocab, AAC Core and the Science of Reading

Beth Waite-Lafever, CCC-SLP, ATP, PRC-Saltillo
Nicole Smith, CCC-SLP, PRC-Saltillo
Jamie Leopard, CCC-SLP, PRC-Saltillo

Looking to expand your AAC student’s participation as an active learner in the classroom while promoting literacy using what we know from the science of reading research? Discover how to choose and teach vocabulary needed for academic learning for students using AAC. As a speech-language pathologist, your intervention ties directly into two of the pillars of the science of reading: Vocabulary and Comprehension. Through case study, discussion and group participation, you will learn how to plan for explicit vocabulary instruction to support reading comprehension with students using AAC. We will address how using core vocabulary to teach shades of meaning for tier 2 words as a component of Scarborough’s Reading Rope for language comprehension (including background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures, verbal reasoning, literacy knowledge) leads to becoming a skilled reader, as well as how to provide rich, targeted vocabulary development for learners using robust AAC systems.  Learn how to identify vocabulary concepts, provide better access to educational content, and harness the power of tier 1 and tier 2 vocabulary to build understanding and use of word knowledge for your students using AAC. Resources for adapting lessons and collaborating with classroom teachers will be shared. Content is relevant for all school-age AAC learners, regardless of their robust vocabulary system. You’ll feel more confident explaining how you support literacy development with AAC learners using evidenced-based science of reading strategies as well as promote their engagement and curiosity in the learning process.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe the role speech-language pathologists play in providing structured literacy interventions that align with science of reading research to AAC learners.
  • Identify and compare/contrast core vocabulary and tier 1 vocabulary.
  • Identify at least five key words/phrases that all learners need to understand and use in the classroom to actively participate in discussion, projects and writing activities.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: School Age

The content contained in this session is applicable to any robust communication system.

3:30 pm - 4:30 pm

S36Getting Started With the Clinical Fellowship Experience

Christi Masters, MS, CCC-SLP, Purdue University
Mariel Schroeder, MS, CCC-SLP, Purdue University

The clinical fellowship (CF) experience is a pivotal time for speech-language pathologists as it marks the transition from being a student clinician to practicing as an independent clinician. The clinical fellow embarks on this process with the support of a CF mentor, who serves a critical role in supporting the development and growth of a new professional. The CF entails specific guidelines, processes and expectations that need to be met in order for the clinical fellow to be eligible to apply for certification in speech-language pathology from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). This session will serve as a starting guide for students planning for the CF, clinicians considering the role of mentor, or anyone navigating the CF process. The session will cover the qualifications for serving as a CF mentor, the three-segment structure of the CF, the clinical fellowship skills inventory (CFSI), CF mentor observation requirements, administrative responsibilities of the clinical fellow, and overall tips for successful completion of the CF. This session will be presented by a CF mentor and a recent clinical fellow. They will discuss specific examples of building a strong relationship and finding the most effective ways to communicate. The clinical fellow will share her perspective and tips on choosing a CF position, navigating certification and managing the professional and personal aspects of transitioning from a graduate clinician to a clinical fellow while on the path to being an independent practitioner.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe key components of the clinical fellowship experience (e.g., timelines, supervision requirements, etc.).
  • Identify and describe the requirements to become a clinical fellow mentor.
  • List three resources to assist the clinical fellow and mentor during the clinical fellowship experience.

Instructional Level: Intermediate  |  Track: Multi-Interest

S37Know Your Worth, Earn Your Worth, Public School Negotiations

Emma Cox, MS, CCC-SLP, Beech Grove City Schools
Keegan Koehlinger-Wolf, MA, CCC-SLP, Indianapolis Public Schools

ASHA’s 2024 school survey found that there are currently more job openings than school based speech-language pathologist applicants across the country.  This imbalance is leading to a recruitment and retention crisis across the nation and in Indiana schools.  Now is the time to open conversations with school administrators looking for solutions to move the needle on retention and recruitment of speech-language pathologists in their school districts.  Lead the charge and collaborate with your school administrators to identify and implement change in your district, increase career satisfaction and be recognized for the specific skills speech language pathologists hold.  This session will include evidence of the shortage and its impacts to bring to your administrators and will conclude with tools and conversation for making positive change. Participants will apply data from the session to bring to their administrators with the purpose of opening the conversation regarding speech-language pathologist retention and salary supplements.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Identify and obtain the tools to develop an action plan for advocating for a salary stipend/supplement with their administration.
  • Apply available SLP job satisfaction and burn-out data to their administration action plan.
  • Describe negotiation strategies for positive speech language pathologist retention in their district.

Instructional Level: Introductory  |  Track: School Age

S38Disability in Context: Fatigue and Communication in Daily Life

Caroline Spencer, PhD, Indiana University Bloomington

In clinical teaching and practice, focus is often placed on the patient’s deficits at the functional level. However, contextual factors, like fatigue and environment, play a role in communication skills. This presentation will include an overview of social models of disability, including the ecological-enactive model, and highlight its application to speech-language pathology. I will also present perspectives from individuals with Friedreich’s ataxia about fatigue and its influence on communication skills in daily life.

Learner Outcomes: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:

  • Describe the ecological-enactive model of disability and provide at least one example related to speech-language pathology.
  • Identify and explain how communication skills might change based on personal or environmental context.
  • Describe how fatigue may impact the communication skills of individuals with Friedreich’s ataxia.

Instructional Level: Introductory  |  Track: Adult